Group 4

Group Four: Questions about Quotations and Paraphrases :
Valerie Mattson, Adam Block, and Sajjad Rabaan

Summary: Quotations and paraphrases are used in writing in order to enhance a point made by hte writer with evidence stated by others to support any point made. Factual information can also be taken away from these quotations;however, it is essential to utilize them correctly. The information listed below is necessary to prevent plagarism.

Quotations:
1. Direct Quotations: By using quotation marks and parenthetical documentation, one restates what another has already said.
"They must be copied exactly. . .General rule: 1 direct quote every 3 pages"**

2. Indirect Quotations: Restatement of a though, otherwise known as paraphrasing.

Try to limit the use of quotations. Only use them when they will strongly support an argument. Do not use a quotation if it is common sense. Also, it is important to describe the source of information and the speaker.
*For example, In The Coming of Age, Simone de Beavoir contends that the decrepitude accompanying old age is "in complete conflict with the manly or womanly ideal cherished by the young and fully grown" (65).
As shown in this example, it is okay to also combine paraphrasing in addition to quoting.

If a quotation is less than four lines, enclose them with quotation marks.

If a quotation is more than four lines, use a complete sentence followed by a colon, indent ten spaces, double space the lines, and do not use quotation marks. Do not indent unless it begins a new paragraph.
*An example of a long quotation:
Robert Hastrow sums up the process in the following passage,
where he compares rays of light to a ball thrown up from the earth and
returning because of the pull of gravity:

The tug of that enormous force prevents the ray of light from leaving
the surface of the star; like the ball thrown upward from the earth, they
are pulled back and cannot escape to space. All the light within the star
is now trapped by gravity. From this moment on, the star is invisible. It
is a black hole in space (65).

To clarify a quotation, use square brackets. For example: "They [the doctors] have created a new medicine"

Commas/Period:
If there is a parenthetical reference, place it on the outside. *For example, "Animals have a variety of emotions similar to human's" (Erikson 990). If there is no parenthetical reference, place the period on the inside of the quotation marks. For example, the supervisor said, "There is no excuse for aggressive behavior." Unlike the period, a colon and semicolon go outside the quotation mark.

Use an ellipse in order to leave out part of a quotation. *"in respect for woman. . .and a bright sunny day"

Use slash marks to seperate lines of poetry. For example, "There was a man from Peru/Who dreamed of eating his shoe"

If the quotation is a question, place the question mark inside of the quotation marks. If the quotation is NOT a question, place the question mark outside of the quotation marks.

Paraphrasing is when the writer uses his or her own interpretation. Use a "free" style when paraphrasing. This is when you borrow the main idea but use say it in a different way. Make sure if the ideas are not common sense, they are cited.

Citations:

*Examples used from the LEO website
http://leo.stcloudstate.edu/ Visited on 9/10/13

**users.wowway.com/~marycay910/quotes.ppt /Visited on 9/10/13